Why New Zealand Is Not A Classless Society Essay - 1892 Words

Social class, is a highly controversial topic and is one of the most debated topics amongst sociologists, with many different theorists claiming it entails different things. There has been much debate between sociologists whether or not New Zealand is a classless society, and I am here today to argue against this view, stating my reasons as to why New Zealand is not a classless society and in fact never has been. I will argue this by looking at the social stratification of New Zealand throughout time, dating back to Traditional Maori in the early nineteenth century, through to the contemporary society we see today. In order to argue this point, it is first necessary to define what class is. Class refers to a form of stratification: â€Å"the process by which human society rank and evaluate themselves into a hierarchical order† (Spoonley et al. 1990) and according to Marxist theory, exists in two distinctive categories: the bourgeoisie: those who own and control production and the proletariat: the working class that provides the labour for production (McLennan, Ryan and Spoonley, 2004). Weber’s analysis of class is similar to Marx’s, but in contrast he discusses class in the context of social stratification more generally. Weber’s sociological perspective puts emphasis on status and power rather than materialism, arguing class arose through competition for economic resources, social prestige and political influence (Richard Bedggood, 1980) At a more basic level when sociologistsShow MoreRelatedS New Zealand/Aotearoa a Classless Society?4186 Words   |  17 PagesIntroduction to Sociology and Community Development CSTU 5110-2167 Lecturer: Dr Denys Delany ESSAY IS NEW ZEALAND/AOTEAROA A CLASSLESS SOCIETY? DISCUSS – IF SO WHAT DEFINES THIS STRUCTURE? – IF NOT WHAT IS THE MAIN BASIS OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION IN NEW ZEALAND/AOTEAROA? Due date: 13th April 2007 Student Name: Ali Rankin Student ID: 1282990 Email: (ali_rankin@hotmail.com) Address: 49 Alfriston Road, ManurewaRead MoreA Fair Go, By Henry Lawson, And The Dispossessed1428 Words   |  6 Pagesculturally ingrained in the Australian identity; however, the notion of Australia as a classless nation is a persistent myth of egalitarianism that must now be superseded. It manifests in an unwillingness to acknowledge the causes of the deep inequalities that permeate Australian society. Good morning/afternoon council representatives and distinguished guests. My name is Chelsea Gwynne, and today I am going explain to you why it is crucial that the poems For’ard, by Henry Lawson, and The Dispossessed, byRead MoreDifference Between Socialism And Communism Essay2269 Words   |  10 PagesSocialism and Communism have the same meaning. 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Half a century later such optimism looks hopelessly misplaced. Intractable levels of social inequality and a flatlining in social mobility have thwarted repeated attempts to realise the post-war vision of a fair society. Every cloud, however, has a silver lining. In the aftermath of the global financial crisis a new public – maybe even political – consensus has begun to emerge thatRead MoreBritish Culture11529 Words   |  47 Pagesand lowland Scotland were mainly of Germanic origin Languages spoken in Celtic areas: - Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic and Welsh Languages spoken in Germanic areas: Germanic dialects (including the one that has developed into modern English). Why is England so dominant: - The system of politics is identical in all four nations - The English language is identical in all four nations - The English customs and practices are dominant in all four nations. 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Previous editions  © 2009, 2006, and 2003. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrievalRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesAutotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg

Abandonment in Jamaica Kincaids Autobiography of My...

Abandonment in Jamaica Kincaids Autobiography of My Mother Xuela, the protagonist of Jamaica Kincaids novel, The Autobiography of My Mother , comments, I felt I did not want to belong to anyone, that since the one person I would have consented to own me had never lived to do so, I did not want anyone to belong to me (112). The outward coldness of this statement is clearly observed, but it is the underlying statement Xuela is making that is truly a significant theme within the novel; Xuelas fear of abandonment. She aborts the child she is carrying, leaving her barren. She chooses not to be a mother herself. She refuses to form close relationships with men or women. She is terrified that, like her mother, everyone around her will†¦show more content†¦Xuelas pregnancy is a defining moment for her. Unfortunately, this moment is defined by Xuelas sense that her own mother abandoned her at birth. She is unwilling to give life, unwilling to belong to anyone, and unwilling to have anyone belong to her. She performs a self-inflicted abortion . She comments: I had never had a mother, I had just recently refused to become one, and I knew then that this refusal would be complete. I would never become a mother, but that would not be the same as never bearing children. I would bear children, but I would never be a mother to them. I would bear them in abundance; they would emerge from my head, from my armpits, from between my legs; I would bear children, they would hang from me like fruit from a vine, but I would destroy them with the carelessness of a god. I would bear children in the morning, I would bathe them at noon in a water that came from myself, and I would eat them at night, swallowing them whole, all at once. (96-97) This powerful, mythical passage portrays Xuela as being bitterly cruel, almost monster-like. As a reader, however, it is important to remember that it is her relentless fear of abandonment that lies behind her harsh words. After the abortion, the now almost horrified reader is pacified through the introduction of Roland, a man who carried

Catalogue Of Christian Herasie Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Catalog Of Christian Herasie Essay, Research Paper St Alexander, bishop of Alexandria, called the Council of Nicea to cover with some of the unorthodoxies of the clip, such as Arianism and Novatianism. This council lasted 2 months and 12 yearss, and had 318 bishops in attending. The benefits from this council were of import to reaffirming the religion. It stated that all people could be forgiven of their wickednesss, no affair how bad the wickedness is, every bit long as the individual was genuinely regretful for what he has done. The Nicene Creed is besides a merchandise of this council. The Nicene Creed is a announcement of our beliefs as Catholics. Council of Ephesus ( 431 ) The Council of Ephesus was called to cover with the unorthodoxies of Nestorianism and Pelagianism. There were over 200 bishops present, under the counsel of St. Cyril, who was stand foring Pope Celestine. The major parts to faith brought Forth from this council was that Mary is genuinely the female parent of God ( Theotokes ) , and that Jesus was both God and adult male in one being. We will write a custom essay sample on Catalogue Of Christian Herasie Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Council of Chalcedon ( 451 ) The Council of Chalcedon was called by Pope Leo the Great to manage the unorthodoxy of Menophytism. The Emperor Marcian was in attending, along with over 150 Bishops. This council denounced Menophytism, and stated that Christ had two natures, Godhead and homo, which were both in one being. Fourth Lateran Council ( 1215 ) . Pope Innocent III held the Fourth Lateran Council as a call for religious reform. Over 1,200 of the universe s taking clerics were in attending at this council. This council did many things to confirm the religion. It brought about a reform in clerical life, spiritual direction in slang, condemned many of the unorthodoxies traveling on at the clip, seal of confession ( priests can non let go of what you confess during rapprochement ) , one-year confessions and Eucharist at Easter clip, and reaffirmed the seven sacraments and transubstantiation. Council of Constance ( 1414-1418 ) The Council of Constance was called during the Western Schism to make two things. The first was to stop the separation of the church, and the second was to declare who would be the Catholic Pope out of the 3 Catholic Popes who were claiming pontificate. This council did two of import things. It ended the Schism that had 3 cabals of the church controversy over whose positions were right, and whose Catholic Pope was the rightful Catholic Pope. Second, it named Pope Gregory XII as the rightful Catholic Pope, but he steps down and hands the place over to Pope Martin V. Fifth Lateran Council ( 1512-1517 ) The Fifth Lateran Council was called by Pope Julias II to set and stop to the corrupt patterns in the church. There were around 95 high members of the church nowadays at this council. This council put an terminal to many of the corrupt patterns of this clip period within the Catholic Church. Council of Treant ( 1545-1563 ) The Council of Treant was called by Pope Paul III to conflict the Protestant beliefs and clearly lay out the Catholic beliefs. There were over 450 people present at this council over the 18 old ages it was held. Besides, 5 Catholic Popes presided over it during the clip it was held. This council affirmed 12 philosophies on the church, apostolic domination, godly disclosure consists of Bible and tradition, Faith and good plants are necessary for redemption, reaffirmed transubstantiation, the mass is a true forfeit, Penance is the manner in which wickednesss are forgiven, reaffirmed the seven sacraments, Purgatory exists, psyches in purgatory benefit from our supplications, indulgences have a true religious value, condemned superstitious utilizations of relics and indulgences. First Vatican Council ( 1869-1870 ) The First Vatican council was called by Pope Pius IX to reaffirm apostolic authorization and to clear up church learning to onslaughts from enlightenment minds. There were 803 in attending, including 46 from the United States. The major part to faith from this council is the philosophy of Papal Infallibility, which means the Pope can non do mistake when learning church philosophy or on the religion. Second Vatican Council ( 1962-1965 ) The Second Vatican Council was called by Pope John XXIII to regenerate the church spiritually, and to reconsider the church s topographic point in the modern universe. This council made many alterations to the Holy Eucharist, such as doing it common so the common individual could understand God s message. It besides allowed for more engagement in mass by the common individual.

Public Administration Operations

The state legislature merit program is an effective approach to allocating awards; this means that the terms of allocating the awards should be specific when outlining the criteria for those who qualify for the merit award program. Leaving this decision to the managers is likely to cause significant problems regarding the distribution of the merit increase.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Public Administration Operations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A better structuring of the program could be achieved by combining the merit increase awards with the 3 percent across-the-board raise for all the state employees. This eliminates potential problems associated with judgments on the distribution of the program (Kearney and Carnevale 56). The program should ensure that there is a uniform merit increase for all the employees basing on their performance. There are a number of issues raised by the merit pay system that require implementation. The first notable issue is adopting a merit pay system that is based on the principle of fairness to ensure that no particular group feels that it has been undermined. The second issue raised by the merit pay system is the methodology that can be used in assessment of the performance. The challenge is assessing the performance of senior wardens who have served for a long time, and recently hired guards who are yet to serve. It is important also acknowledge that one size does not fit all (Kearney and Carnevale 65). Developing a plan for the merit pay system requires taking into consideration both the viewpoints of the conflicting sides. This implies that the merit pay system should take into consideration both the concept of performance appraisal and the fact that all the guards are competent and need a merit award for their service. Basing on this, a performance evaluation system will be established prior to the implementation of the merit based systems. Thi s means the distribution of the merit based pay awards will base on the outcomes of the performance evaluations. This guarantees fairness during distribution basing on their performance. The reaction of the union is mainly because it is of the opinion that its employees failed to undertake their duties that they are paid to accomplish. It is the role of the union to ensure that employees assume their responsibilities as stated under their pay requirements.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Failure to do so raises questions; this could be the possible justification of the union’s action. In addition, the union action is justified because they were not informed that the students were doing the work that their employees are supposed to do. The termination of the bargaining unit members because of budget cuts was not of importance in this case. This implies that the munic ipal union should investigate the circumstances leading up to the action prior to the implementation of any action such as the laying off the workers (Kearney and Carnevale 63). The decisions undertaken by labor unions usually have an impact on the daily lives of the citizens; this is mainly because of their disruptive nature. For instance, unions impose strikes and boycotts, which are likely to impose significant effects on the delivery of public services. In this particular case, the union argued for accountability, which resulted to questioning their motives by the public regarding their role. In the capacity of the union president, addressing the conflict requires the reinforcement of accountability among the union employees to undertake their union work. Failing to perform the union work in future will result to punishments such as being laid off. This guarantees that the park is attended at all times without any concerns that the students will abandon cleaning up the park. In either case, the school should seal an agreement that gives the voluntary responsibility of attending to the park, which will be followed by laying-off the union workers for budgets cuts (Kearney and Carnevale 61). Works Cited Kearney, Richard and David Carnevale. Labor Relations in the Public Sector. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2001. This essay on Public Administration Operations was written and submitted by user Niko Bonner to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.